The Grand Canyon is located in northern Arizona and is one of the most amazing geological structures on earth. It stretches 277 miles and reaches up to 18 miles wide! However, this geological wonder was not formed quickly. It took millions of years of patient work by water and wind. Almost two billion years ago, when northern Arizona was submerged under water, the oldest rocks at the bottom of the canyon formed beneath the Earth's surface. Over countless centuries, countless layers of sediment of mud, sand, and even the remains of ancient sea creatures pressed into limestone, sandstone, and shale. Fortunately, this preserved them well and scientists were able to prove that ancient Arizona was once submerged in water and told them that these sea creatures had once existed. Then, at around five to six million years ago, the Colorado River began cutting its way in through the Colorado Plateau. As the land slowly rose because of tectonic forces, the river slowly cut deeper and deeper into the rock. Then, erosion from rain, cold temperatures, and wind opened the canyon over lots of time and sculpted the shape of the canyon we see today.
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